tbb_machine.h

/*
    Copyright 2005-2016 Intel Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.

    This file is part of Threading Building Blocks. Threading Building Blocks is free software;
    you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    version 2  as  published  by  the  Free Software Foundation.  Threading Building Blocks is
    distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
    implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
    See  the GNU General Public License for more details.   You should have received a copy of
    the  GNU General Public License along with Threading Building Blocks; if not, write to the
    Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  51 Franklin St,  Fifth Floor,  Boston,  MA 02110-1301 USA

    As a special exception,  you may use this file  as part of a free software library without
    restriction.  Specifically,  if other files instantiate templates  or use macros or inline
    functions from this file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to produce
    an executable,  this file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered
    by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however invalidate any other
    reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License.
*/

#ifndef __TBB_machine_H
#define __TBB_machine_H

#include "tbb_stddef.h"

namespace tbb {
namespace internal { //< @cond INTERNAL

// Overridable helpers declarations
//
// A machine/*.h file may choose to define these templates, otherwise it must
// request default implementation by setting appropriate __TBB_USE_GENERIC_XXX macro(s).
//
template <typename T, std::size_t S>
struct machine_load_store;

template <typename T, std::size_t S>
struct machine_load_store_relaxed;

template <typename T, std::size_t S>
struct machine_load_store_seq_cst;
//
// End of overridable helpers declarations

template<size_t S> struct atomic_selector;

template<> struct atomic_selector<1> {
    typedef int8_t word;
    inline static word fetch_store ( volatile void* location, word value );
};

template<> struct atomic_selector<2> {
    typedef int16_t word;
    inline static word fetch_store ( volatile void* location, word value );
};

template<> struct atomic_selector<4> {
#if _MSC_VER && !_WIN64
    // Work-around that avoids spurious /Wp64 warnings
    typedef intptr_t word;
#else
    typedef int32_t word;
#endif
    inline static word fetch_store ( volatile void* location, word value );
};

template<> struct atomic_selector<8> {
    typedef int64_t word;
    inline static word fetch_store ( volatile void* location, word value );
};

}} //< namespaces internal @endcond, tbb

#define __TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_STORE8_GENERIC_FENCED(M)                                        \
    inline void __TBB_machine_generic_store8##M(volatile void *ptr, int64_t value) {         \
        for(;;) {                                                                            \
            int64_t result = *(volatile int64_t *)ptr;                                       \
            if( __TBB_machine_cmpswp8##M(ptr,value,result)==result ) break;                  \
        }                                                                                    \
    }                                                                                        \

#define __TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_LOAD8_GENERIC_FENCED(M)                                         \
    inline int64_t __TBB_machine_generic_load8##M(const volatile void *ptr) {                \
        /* Comparand and new value may be anything, they only must be equal, and      */     \
        /* the value should have a low probability to be actually found in 'location'.*/     \
        const int64_t anyvalue = 2305843009213693951LL;                                      \
        return __TBB_machine_cmpswp8##M(const_cast<volatile void *>(ptr),anyvalue,anyvalue); \
    }                                                                                        \

// The set of allowed values for __TBB_ENDIANNESS (see above for details)
#define __TBB_ENDIAN_UNSUPPORTED -1
#define __TBB_ENDIAN_LITTLE       0
#define __TBB_ENDIAN_BIG          1
#define __TBB_ENDIAN_DETECT       2

#if _WIN32||_WIN64

#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(push, off)
#endif

    #if __MINGW64__ || __MINGW32__
        extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall SwitchToThread( void );
        #define __TBB_Yield()  SwitchToThread()
        #if (TBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS && __TBB_GCC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
            #include "machine/gcc_generic.h"
        #elif __MINGW64__
            #include "machine/linux_intel64.h"
        #elif __MINGW32__
            #include "machine/linux_ia32.h"
        #endif
    #elif (TBB_USE_ICC_BUILTINS && __TBB_ICC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
        #include "machine/icc_generic.h"
    #elif defined(_M_IX86) && !defined(__TBB_WIN32_USE_CL_BUILTINS)
        #include "machine/windows_ia32.h"
    #elif defined(_M_X64) 
        #include "machine/windows_intel64.h"
    #elif defined(_XBOX)
        #include "machine/xbox360_ppc.h"
    #elif defined(_M_ARM) || defined(__TBB_WIN32_USE_CL_BUILTINS)
        #include "machine/msvc_armv7.h"
    #endif

#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(pop)
#endif

#elif __TBB_DEFINE_MIC

    #include "machine/mic_common.h"
    #if (TBB_USE_ICC_BUILTINS && __TBB_ICC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
        #include "machine/icc_generic.h"
    #else
        #include "machine/linux_intel64.h"
    #endif

#elif __linux__ || __FreeBSD__ || __NetBSD__

    #if (TBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS && __TBB_GCC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
        #include "machine/gcc_generic.h"
    #elif (TBB_USE_ICC_BUILTINS && __TBB_ICC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
        #include "machine/icc_generic.h"
    #elif __i386__
        #include "machine/linux_ia32.h"
    #elif __x86_64__
        #include "machine/linux_intel64.h"
    #elif __ia64__
        #include "machine/linux_ia64.h"
    #elif __powerpc__
        #include "machine/mac_ppc.h"
    #elif __arm__
        #include "machine/gcc_armv7.h"
    #elif __TBB_GCC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT
        #include "machine/gcc_generic.h"
    #endif
    #include "machine/linux_common.h"

#elif __APPLE__
    //TODO:  TBB_USE_GCC_BUILTINS is not used for Mac, Sun, Aix
    #if (TBB_USE_ICC_BUILTINS && __TBB_ICC_BUILTIN_ATOMICS_PRESENT)
        #include "machine/icc_generic.h"
    #elif __TBB_x86_32
        #include "machine/linux_ia32.h"
    #elif __TBB_x86_64
        #include "machine/linux_intel64.h"
    #elif __POWERPC__
        #include "machine/mac_ppc.h"
    #endif
    #include "machine/macos_common.h"

#elif _AIX

    #include "machine/ibm_aix51.h"

#elif __sun || __SUNPRO_CC

    #define __asm__ asm
    #define __volatile__ volatile

    #if __i386  || __i386__
        #include "machine/linux_ia32.h"
    #elif __x86_64__
        #include "machine/linux_intel64.h"
    #elif __sparc
        #include "machine/sunos_sparc.h"
    #endif
    #include <sched.h>

    #define __TBB_Yield() sched_yield()

#endif /* OS selection */

#ifndef __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS
    #define __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS 1
#endif

//TODO: replace usage of these functions with usage of tbb::atomic, and then remove them
//TODO: map functions with W suffix to use cast to tbb::atomic and according op, i.e. as_atomic().op()
// Special atomic functions
#if __TBB_USE_FENCED_ATOMICS
    #define __TBB_machine_cmpswp1   __TBB_machine_cmpswp1full_fence
    #define __TBB_machine_cmpswp2   __TBB_machine_cmpswp2full_fence
    #define __TBB_machine_cmpswp4   __TBB_machine_cmpswp4full_fence
    #define __TBB_machine_cmpswp8   __TBB_machine_cmpswp8full_fence

    #if __TBB_WORDSIZE==8
        #define __TBB_machine_fetchadd8             __TBB_machine_fetchadd8full_fence
        #define __TBB_machine_fetchstore8           __TBB_machine_fetchstore8full_fence
        #define __TBB_FetchAndAddWrelease(P,V)      __TBB_machine_fetchadd8release(P,V)
        #define __TBB_FetchAndIncrementWacquire(P)  __TBB_machine_fetchadd8acquire(P,1)
        #define __TBB_FetchAndDecrementWrelease(P)  __TBB_machine_fetchadd8release(P,(-1))
    #else
        #define __TBB_machine_fetchadd4             __TBB_machine_fetchadd4full_fence
        #define __TBB_machine_fetchstore4           __TBB_machine_fetchstore4full_fence
        #define __TBB_FetchAndAddWrelease(P,V)      __TBB_machine_fetchadd4release(P,V)
        #define __TBB_FetchAndIncrementWacquire(P)  __TBB_machine_fetchadd4acquire(P,1)
        #define __TBB_FetchAndDecrementWrelease(P)  __TBB_machine_fetchadd4release(P,(-1))
    #endif /* __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 */
#else /* !__TBB_USE_FENCED_ATOMICS */
    #define __TBB_FetchAndAddWrelease(P,V)      __TBB_FetchAndAddW(P,V)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndIncrementWacquire(P)  __TBB_FetchAndAddW(P,1)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndDecrementWrelease(P)  __TBB_FetchAndAddW(P,(-1))
#endif /* !__TBB_USE_FENCED_ATOMICS */

#if __TBB_WORDSIZE==4
    #define __TBB_CompareAndSwapW(P,V,C)    __TBB_machine_cmpswp4(P,V,C)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndAddW(P,V)         __TBB_machine_fetchadd4(P,V)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndStoreW(P,V)       __TBB_machine_fetchstore4(P,V)
#elif  __TBB_WORDSIZE==8
    #if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_LOAD_STORE || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_FETCH_ADD || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_FETCH_STORE
        #error These macros should only be used on 32-bit platforms.
    #endif

    #define __TBB_CompareAndSwapW(P,V,C)    __TBB_machine_cmpswp8(P,V,C)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndAddW(P,V)         __TBB_machine_fetchadd8(P,V)
    #define __TBB_FetchAndStoreW(P,V)       __TBB_machine_fetchstore8(P,V)
#else /* __TBB_WORDSIZE != 8 */
    #error Unsupported machine word size.
#endif /* __TBB_WORDSIZE */

#ifndef __TBB_Pause
    inline void __TBB_Pause(int32_t) {
        __TBB_Yield();
    }
#endif

namespace tbb {

inline void atomic_fence () { __TBB_full_memory_fence(); }

namespace internal { //< @cond INTERNAL


class atomic_backoff : no_copy {

    static const int32_t LOOPS_BEFORE_YIELD = 16;
    int32_t count;
public:
    // In many cases, an object of this type is initialized eagerly on hot path,
    // as in for(atomic_backoff b; ; b.pause()) { /*loop body*/ }
    // For this reason, the construction cost must be very small!
    atomic_backoff() : count(1) {}
    // This constructor pauses immediately; do not use on hot paths!
    atomic_backoff( bool ) : count(1) { pause(); }

    void pause() {
        if( count<=LOOPS_BEFORE_YIELD ) {
            __TBB_Pause(count);
            // Pause twice as long the next time.
            count*=2;
        } else {
            // Pause is so long that we might as well yield CPU to scheduler.
            __TBB_Yield();
        }
    }

    bool bounded_pause() {
        __TBB_Pause(count);
        if( count<LOOPS_BEFORE_YIELD ) {
            // Pause twice as long the next time.
            count*=2;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    void reset() {
        count = 1;
    }
};


template<typename T, typename U>
void spin_wait_while_eq( const volatile T& location, U value ) {
    atomic_backoff backoff;
    while( location==value ) backoff.pause();
}


template<typename T, typename U>
void spin_wait_until_eq( const volatile T& location, const U value ) {
    atomic_backoff backoff;
    while( location!=value ) backoff.pause();
}

template <typename predicate_type>
void spin_wait_while(predicate_type condition){
    atomic_backoff backoff;
    while( condition() ) backoff.pause();
}

// Generic compare-and-swap applied to only a part of a machine word.
//
#ifndef __TBB_ENDIANNESS
#define __TBB_ENDIANNESS __TBB_ENDIAN_DETECT
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_CAS && __TBB_ENDIANNESS==__TBB_ENDIAN_UNSUPPORTED
#error Generic implementation of part-word CAS may not be used with __TBB_ENDIAN_UNSUPPORTED
#endif

#if __TBB_ENDIANNESS!=__TBB_ENDIAN_UNSUPPORTED
//
// This function is the only use of __TBB_ENDIANNESS.
// The following restrictions/limitations apply for this operation:
//  - T must be an integer type of at most 4 bytes for the casts and calculations to work
//  - T must also be less than 4 bytes to avoid compiler warnings when computing mask
//      (and for the operation to be useful at all, so no workaround is applied)
//  - the architecture must consistently use either little-endian or big-endian (same for all locations)
//
// TODO: static_assert for the type requirements stated above
template<typename T>
inline T __TBB_MaskedCompareAndSwap (volatile T * const ptr, const T value, const T comparand ) {
    struct endianness{ static bool is_big_endian(){
        #if __TBB_ENDIANNESS==__TBB_ENDIAN_DETECT
            const uint32_t probe = 0x03020100;
            return (((const char*)(&probe))[0]==0x03);
        #elif __TBB_ENDIANNESS==__TBB_ENDIAN_BIG || __TBB_ENDIANNESS==__TBB_ENDIAN_LITTLE
            return __TBB_ENDIANNESS==__TBB_ENDIAN_BIG;
        #else
            #error Unexpected value of __TBB_ENDIANNESS
        #endif
    }};

    const uint32_t byte_offset            = (uint32_t) ((uintptr_t)ptr & 0x3);
    volatile uint32_t * const aligned_ptr = (uint32_t*)((uintptr_t)ptr - byte_offset );

    // location of T within uint32_t for a C++ shift operation
    const uint32_t bits_to_shift     = 8*(endianness::is_big_endian() ? (4 - sizeof(T) - (byte_offset)) : byte_offset);
    const uint32_t mask              = (((uint32_t)1<<(sizeof(T)*8)) - 1 )<<bits_to_shift;
    // for signed T, any sign extension bits in cast value/comparand are immediately clipped by mask
    const uint32_t shifted_comparand = ((uint32_t)comparand << bits_to_shift)&mask;
    const uint32_t shifted_value     = ((uint32_t)value     << bits_to_shift)&mask;

    for( atomic_backoff b;;b.pause() ) {
        const uint32_t surroundings  = *aligned_ptr & ~mask ; // may have changed during the pause
        const uint32_t big_comparand = surroundings | shifted_comparand ;
        const uint32_t big_value     = surroundings | shifted_value     ;
        // __TBB_machine_cmpswp4 presumed to have full fence.
        // Cast shuts up /Wp64 warning
        const uint32_t big_result = (uint32_t)__TBB_machine_cmpswp4( aligned_ptr, big_value, big_comparand );
        if( big_result == big_comparand                    // CAS succeeded
          || ((big_result ^ big_comparand) & mask) != 0)   // CAS failed and the bits of interest have changed
        {
            return T((big_result & mask) >> bits_to_shift);
        }
        else continue;                                     // CAS failed but the bits of interest were not changed
    }
}
#endif // __TBB_ENDIANNESS!=__TBB_ENDIAN_UNSUPPORTED

template<size_t S, typename T>
inline T __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric (volatile void *ptr, T value, T comparand );

template<>
inline int8_t __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric <1,int8_t> (volatile void *ptr, int8_t value, int8_t comparand ) {
#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_CAS
    return __TBB_MaskedCompareAndSwap<int8_t>((volatile int8_t *)ptr,value,comparand);
#else
    return __TBB_machine_cmpswp1(ptr,value,comparand);
#endif
}

template<>
inline int16_t __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric <2,int16_t> (volatile void *ptr, int16_t value, int16_t comparand ) {
#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_CAS
    return __TBB_MaskedCompareAndSwap<int16_t>((volatile int16_t *)ptr,value,comparand);
#else
    return __TBB_machine_cmpswp2(ptr,value,comparand);
#endif
}

template<>
inline int32_t __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric <4,int32_t> (volatile void *ptr, int32_t value, int32_t comparand ) {
    // Cast shuts up /Wp64 warning
    return (int32_t)__TBB_machine_cmpswp4(ptr,value,comparand);
}

#if __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS
template<>
inline int64_t __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric <8,int64_t> (volatile void *ptr, int64_t value, int64_t comparand ) {
    return __TBB_machine_cmpswp8(ptr,value,comparand);
}
#endif

template<size_t S, typename T>
inline T __TBB_FetchAndAddGeneric (volatile void *ptr, T addend) {
    T result;
    for( atomic_backoff b;;b.pause() ) {
        result = *reinterpret_cast<volatile T *>(ptr);
        // __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric presumed to have full fence.
        if( __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric<S,T> ( ptr, result+addend, result )==result )
            break;
    }
    return result;
}

template<size_t S, typename T>
inline T __TBB_FetchAndStoreGeneric (volatile void *ptr, T value) {
    T result;
    for( atomic_backoff b;;b.pause() ) {
        result = *reinterpret_cast<volatile T *>(ptr);
        // __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric presumed to have full fence.
        if( __TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric<S,T> ( ptr, value, result )==result )
            break;
    }
    return result;
}

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_CAS
#define __TBB_machine_cmpswp1 tbb::internal::__TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric<1,int8_t>
#define __TBB_machine_cmpswp2 tbb::internal::__TBB_CompareAndSwapGeneric<2,int16_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_ADD || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_FETCH_ADD
#define __TBB_machine_fetchadd1 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndAddGeneric<1,int8_t>
#define __TBB_machine_fetchadd2 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndAddGeneric<2,int16_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_ADD
#define __TBB_machine_fetchadd4 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndAddGeneric<4,int32_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_ADD || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_FETCH_ADD
#define __TBB_machine_fetchadd8 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndAddGeneric<8,int64_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_STORE || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_PART_WORD_FETCH_STORE
#define __TBB_machine_fetchstore1 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndStoreGeneric<1,int8_t>
#define __TBB_machine_fetchstore2 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndStoreGeneric<2,int16_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_STORE
#define __TBB_machine_fetchstore4 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndStoreGeneric<4,int32_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_FETCH_STORE || __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_FETCH_STORE
#define __TBB_machine_fetchstore8 tbb::internal::__TBB_FetchAndStoreGeneric<8,int64_t>
#endif

#if __TBB_USE_FETCHSTORE_AS_FULL_FENCED_STORE
#define __TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE(S)                                             \
    atomic_selector<S>::word atomic_selector<S>::fetch_store ( volatile void* location, word value ) {  \
        return __TBB_machine_fetchstore##S( location, value );                                          \
    }

__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE(1)
__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE(2)
__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE(4)
__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE(8)

#undef __TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_ATOMIC_SELECTOR_FETCH_STORE
#endif /* __TBB_USE_FETCHSTORE_AS_FULL_FENCED_STORE */

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_LOAD_STORE
/*TODO: find a more elegant way to handle function names difference*/
#if ! __TBB_USE_FENCED_ATOMICS
    /* This name forwarding is needed for generic implementation of
     * load8/store8 defined below (via macro) to pick the right CAS function*/
    #define   __TBB_machine_cmpswp8full_fence __TBB_machine_cmpswp8
#endif
__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_LOAD8_GENERIC_FENCED(full_fence)
__TBB_MACHINE_DEFINE_STORE8_GENERIC_FENCED(full_fence)

#if ! __TBB_USE_FENCED_ATOMICS
    #undef   __TBB_machine_cmpswp8full_fence
#endif

#define __TBB_machine_store8 tbb::internal::__TBB_machine_generic_store8full_fence
#define __TBB_machine_load8  tbb::internal::__TBB_machine_generic_load8full_fence
#endif /* __TBB_USE_GENERIC_DWORD_LOAD_STORE */

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_HALF_FENCED_LOAD_STORE

template <typename T, size_t S>
struct machine_load_store {
    static T load_with_acquire ( const volatile T& location ) {
        T to_return = location;
        __TBB_acquire_consistency_helper();
        return to_return;
    }
    static void store_with_release ( volatile T &location, T value ) {
        __TBB_release_consistency_helper();
        location = value;
    }
};

//in general, plain load and store of 32bit compiler is not atomic for 64bit types
#if __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS
template <typename T>
struct machine_load_store<T,8> {
    static T load_with_acquire ( const volatile T& location ) {
        return (T)__TBB_machine_load8( (const volatile void*)&location );
    }
    static void store_with_release ( volatile T& location, T value ) {
        __TBB_machine_store8( (volatile void*)&location, (int64_t)value );
    }
};
#endif /* __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS */
#endif /* __TBB_USE_GENERIC_HALF_FENCED_LOAD_STORE */

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_SEQUENTIAL_CONSISTENCY_LOAD_STORE
template <typename T, size_t S>
struct machine_load_store_seq_cst {
    static T load ( const volatile T& location ) {
        __TBB_full_memory_fence();
        return machine_load_store<T,S>::load_with_acquire( location );
    }
#if __TBB_USE_FETCHSTORE_AS_FULL_FENCED_STORE
    static void store ( volatile T &location, T value ) {
        atomic_selector<S>::fetch_store( (volatile void*)&location, (typename atomic_selector<S>::word)value );
    }
#else /* !__TBB_USE_FETCHSTORE_AS_FULL_FENCED_STORE */
    static void store ( volatile T &location, T value ) {
        machine_load_store<T,S>::store_with_release( location, value );
        __TBB_full_memory_fence();
    }
#endif /* !__TBB_USE_FETCHSTORE_AS_FULL_FENCED_STORE */
};

#if __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS

template <typename T>
struct machine_load_store_seq_cst<T,8> {
    static T load ( const volatile T& location ) {
        // Comparand and new value may be anything, they only must be equal, and
        // the value should have a low probability to be actually found in 'location'.
        const int64_t anyvalue = 2305843009213693951LL;
        return __TBB_machine_cmpswp8( (volatile void*)const_cast<volatile T*>(&location), anyvalue, anyvalue );
    }
    static void store ( volatile T &location, T value ) {
        int64_t result = (volatile int64_t&)location;
        while ( __TBB_machine_cmpswp8((volatile void*)&location, (int64_t)value, result) != result )
            result = (volatile int64_t&)location;
    }
};
#endif /* __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS */
#endif /*__TBB_USE_GENERIC_SEQUENTIAL_CONSISTENCY_LOAD_STORE */

#if __TBB_USE_GENERIC_RELAXED_LOAD_STORE
// Relaxed operations add volatile qualifier to prevent compiler from optimizing them out.
template <typename T, size_t S>
struct machine_load_store_relaxed {
    static inline T load ( const volatile T& location ) {
        return location;
    }
    static inline void store ( volatile T& location, T value ) {
        location = value;
    }
};

#if __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS
template <typename T>
struct machine_load_store_relaxed<T,8> {
    static inline T load ( const volatile T& location ) {
        return (T)__TBB_machine_load8( (const volatile void*)&location );
    }
    static inline void store ( volatile T& location, T value ) {
        __TBB_machine_store8( (volatile void*)&location, (int64_t)value );
    }
};
#endif /* __TBB_WORDSIZE==4 && __TBB_64BIT_ATOMICS */
#endif /* __TBB_USE_GENERIC_RELAXED_LOAD_STORE */

#undef __TBB_WORDSIZE //this macro is forbidden to use outside of atomic machinery

template<typename T>
inline T __TBB_load_with_acquire(const volatile T &location) {
    return machine_load_store<T,sizeof(T)>::load_with_acquire( location );
}
template<typename T, typename V>
inline void __TBB_store_with_release(volatile T& location, V value) {
    machine_load_store<T,sizeof(T)>::store_with_release( location, T(value) );
}
inline void __TBB_store_with_release(volatile size_t& location, size_t value) {
    machine_load_store<size_t,sizeof(size_t)>::store_with_release( location, value );
}

template<typename T>
inline T __TBB_load_full_fence(const volatile T &location) {
    return machine_load_store_seq_cst<T,sizeof(T)>::load( location );
}
template<typename T, typename V>
inline void __TBB_store_full_fence(volatile T& location, V value) {
    machine_load_store_seq_cst<T,sizeof(T)>::store( location, T(value) );
}
inline void __TBB_store_full_fence(volatile size_t& location, size_t value) {
    machine_load_store_seq_cst<size_t,sizeof(size_t)>::store( location, value );
}

template<typename T>
inline T __TBB_load_relaxed (const volatile T& location) {
    return machine_load_store_relaxed<T,sizeof(T)>::load( const_cast<T&>(location) );
}
template<typename T, typename V>
inline void __TBB_store_relaxed ( volatile T& location, V value ) {
    machine_load_store_relaxed<T,sizeof(T)>::store( const_cast<T&>(location), T(value) );
}
inline void __TBB_store_relaxed ( volatile size_t& location, size_t value ) {
    machine_load_store_relaxed<size_t,sizeof(size_t)>::store( const_cast<size_t&>(location), value );
}

// Macro __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict(T) should be a type with alignment at least as
// strict as type T.  The type should have a trivial default constructor and destructor, so that
// arrays of that type can be declared without initializers.
// It is correct (but perhaps a waste of space) if __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict(T) expands
// to a type bigger than T.
// The default definition here works on machines where integers are naturally aligned and the
// strictest alignment is 64.
#ifndef __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict

#if __TBB_ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED_PRESENT

#define __TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(PowerOf2)       \
struct __TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_##PowerOf2 { \
    uint32_t member[PowerOf2/sizeof(uint32_t)];       \
} __attribute__((aligned(PowerOf2)));
#define __TBB_alignof(T) __alignof__(T)

#elif __TBB_DECLSPEC_ALIGN_PRESENT

#define __TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(PowerOf2)       \
__declspec(align(PowerOf2))                           \
struct __TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_##PowerOf2 { \
    uint32_t member[PowerOf2/sizeof(uint32_t)];       \
};
#define __TBB_alignof(T) __alignof(T)

#else /* A compiler with unknown syntax for data alignment */
#error Must define __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict(T)
#endif

/* Now declare types aligned to useful powers of two */
// TODO: Is __TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(8) needed on 32 bit platforms?
__TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(16)
__TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(32)
__TBB_DefineTypeWithAlignment(64)

typedef __TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_64 __TBB_machine_type_with_strictest_alignment;

// Primary template is a declaration of incomplete type so that it fails with unknown alignments
template<size_t N> struct type_with_alignment;

// Specializations for allowed alignments
template<> struct type_with_alignment<1> { char member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<2> { uint16_t member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<4> { uint32_t member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<8> { uint64_t member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<16> {__TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_16 member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<32> {__TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_32 member; };
template<> struct type_with_alignment<64> {__TBB_machine_type_with_alignment_64 member; };

#if __TBB_ALIGNOF_NOT_INSTANTIATED_TYPES_BROKEN

template<size_t Size, typename T>
struct work_around_alignment_bug {
    static const size_t alignment = __TBB_alignof(T);
};
#define __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict(T) tbb::internal::type_with_alignment<tbb::internal::work_around_alignment_bug<sizeof(T),T>::alignment>
#else
#define __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict(T) tbb::internal::type_with_alignment<__TBB_alignof(T)>
#endif  /* __TBB_ALIGNOF_NOT_INSTANTIATED_TYPES_BROKEN */

#endif  /* __TBB_TypeWithAlignmentAtLeastAsStrict */

// Template class here is to avoid instantiation of the static data for modules that don't use it
template<typename T>
struct reverse {
    static const T byte_table[256];
};
// An efficient implementation of the reverse function utilizes a 2^8 lookup table holding the bit-reversed
// values of [0..2^8 - 1]. Those values can also be computed on the fly at a slightly higher cost.
template<typename T>
const T reverse<T>::byte_table[256] = {
    0x00, 0x80, 0x40, 0xC0, 0x20, 0xA0, 0x60, 0xE0, 0x10, 0x90, 0x50, 0xD0, 0x30, 0xB0, 0x70, 0xF0,
    0x08, 0x88, 0x48, 0xC8, 0x28, 0xA8, 0x68, 0xE8, 0x18, 0x98, 0x58, 0xD8, 0x38, 0xB8, 0x78, 0xF8,
    0x04, 0x84, 0x44, 0xC4, 0x24, 0xA4, 0x64, 0xE4, 0x14, 0x94, 0x54, 0xD4, 0x34, 0xB4, 0x74, 0xF4,
    0x0C, 0x8C, 0x4C, 0xCC, 0x2C, 0xAC, 0x6C, 0xEC, 0x1C, 0x9C, 0x5C, 0xDC, 0x3C, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xFC,
    0x02, 0x82, 0x42, 0xC2, 0x22, 0xA2, 0x62, 0xE2, 0x12, 0x92, 0x52, 0xD2, 0x32, 0xB2, 0x72, 0xF2,
    0x0A, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0xCA, 0x2A, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0xEA, 0x1A, 0x9A, 0x5A, 0xDA, 0x3A, 0xBA, 0x7A, 0xFA,
    0x06, 0x86, 0x46, 0xC6, 0x26, 0xA6, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x16, 0x96, 0x56, 0xD6, 0x36, 0xB6, 0x76, 0xF6,
    0x0E, 0x8E, 0x4E, 0xCE, 0x2E, 0xAE, 0x6E, 0xEE, 0x1E, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0xDE, 0x3E, 0xBE, 0x7E, 0xFE,
    0x01, 0x81, 0x41, 0xC1, 0x21, 0xA1, 0x61, 0xE1, 0x11, 0x91, 0x51, 0xD1, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x71, 0xF1,
    0x09, 0x89, 0x49, 0xC9, 0x29, 0xA9, 0x69, 0xE9, 0x19, 0x99, 0x59, 0xD9, 0x39, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xF9,
    0x05, 0x85, 0x45, 0xC5, 0x25, 0xA5, 0x65, 0xE5, 0x15, 0x95, 0x55, 0xD5, 0x35, 0xB5, 0x75, 0xF5,
    0x0D, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0xCD, 0x2D, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xED, 0x1D, 0x9D, 0x5D, 0xDD, 0x3D, 0xBD, 0x7D, 0xFD,
    0x03, 0x83, 0x43, 0xC3, 0x23, 0xA3, 0x63, 0xE3, 0x13, 0x93, 0x53, 0xD3, 0x33, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xF3,
    0x0B, 0x8B, 0x4B, 0xCB, 0x2B, 0xAB, 0x6B, 0xEB, 0x1B, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0xDB, 0x3B, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0xFB,
    0x07, 0x87, 0x47, 0xC7, 0x27, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xE7, 0x17, 0x97, 0x57, 0xD7, 0x37, 0xB7, 0x77, 0xF7,
    0x0F, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0xCF, 0x2F, 0xAF, 0x6F, 0xEF, 0x1F, 0x9F, 0x5F, 0xDF, 0x3F, 0xBF, 0x7F, 0xFF
};

} // namespace internal @endcond
} // namespace tbb

// Preserving access to legacy APIs
using tbb::internal::__TBB_load_with_acquire;
using tbb::internal::__TBB_store_with_release;

// Mapping historically used names to the ones expected by atomic_load_store_traits
#define __TBB_load_acquire  __TBB_load_with_acquire
#define __TBB_store_release __TBB_store_with_release

#ifndef __TBB_Log2
inline intptr_t __TBB_Log2( uintptr_t x ) {
    if( x==0 ) return -1;
    intptr_t result = 0;

#if !defined(_M_ARM)
    uintptr_t tmp_;
    if( sizeof(x)>4 && (tmp_ = ((uint64_t)x)>>32) ) { x=tmp_; result += 32; }
#endif
    if( uintptr_t tmp = x>>16 ) { x=tmp; result += 16; }
    if( uintptr_t tmp = x>>8 )  { x=tmp; result += 8; }
    if( uintptr_t tmp = x>>4 )  { x=tmp; result += 4; }
    if( uintptr_t tmp = x>>2 )  { x=tmp; result += 2; }

    return (x&2)? result+1: result;
}
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_AtomicOR
inline void __TBB_AtomicOR( volatile void *operand, uintptr_t addend ) {
    for( tbb::internal::atomic_backoff b;;b.pause() ) {
        uintptr_t tmp = *(volatile uintptr_t *)operand;
        uintptr_t result = __TBB_CompareAndSwapW(operand, tmp|addend, tmp);
        if( result==tmp ) break;
    }
}
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_AtomicAND
inline void __TBB_AtomicAND( volatile void *operand, uintptr_t addend ) {
    for( tbb::internal::atomic_backoff b;;b.pause() ) {
        uintptr_t tmp = *(volatile uintptr_t *)operand;
        uintptr_t result = __TBB_CompareAndSwapW(operand, tmp&addend, tmp);
        if( result==tmp ) break;
    }
}
#endif

#if __TBB_PREFETCHING
#ifndef __TBB_cl_prefetch
#error This platform does not define cache management primitives required for __TBB_PREFETCHING
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_cl_evict
#define __TBB_cl_evict(p)
#endif
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_Flag
typedef unsigned char __TBB_Flag;
#endif
typedef __TBB_atomic __TBB_Flag __TBB_atomic_flag;

#ifndef __TBB_TryLockByte
inline bool __TBB_TryLockByte( __TBB_atomic_flag &flag ) {
    return __TBB_machine_cmpswp1(&flag,1,0)==0;
}
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_LockByte
inline __TBB_Flag __TBB_LockByte( __TBB_atomic_flag& flag ) {
    tbb::internal::atomic_backoff backoff;
    while( !__TBB_TryLockByte(flag) ) backoff.pause();
    return 0;
}
#endif

#ifndef  __TBB_UnlockByte
#define __TBB_UnlockByte(addr) __TBB_store_with_release((addr),0)
#endif

// lock primitives with TSX
#if ( __TBB_x86_32 || __TBB_x86_64 )  /* only on ia32/intel64 */
inline void __TBB_TryLockByteElidedCancel() { __TBB_machine_try_lock_elided_cancel(); }

inline bool __TBB_TryLockByteElided( __TBB_atomic_flag& flag ) {
    bool res = __TBB_machine_try_lock_elided( &flag )!=0;
    // to avoid the "lemming" effect, we need to abort the transaction
    // if  __TBB_machine_try_lock_elided returns false (i.e., someone else
    // has acquired the mutex non-speculatively).
    if( !res ) __TBB_TryLockByteElidedCancel();
    return res;
}

inline void __TBB_LockByteElided( __TBB_atomic_flag& flag )
{
    for(;;) {
        tbb::internal::spin_wait_while_eq( flag, 1 );
        if( __TBB_machine_try_lock_elided( &flag ) )
            return;
        // Another thread acquired the lock "for real".
        // To avoid the "lemming" effect, we abort the transaction.
        __TBB_TryLockByteElidedCancel();
    }
}

inline void __TBB_UnlockByteElided( __TBB_atomic_flag& flag ) {
    __TBB_machine_unlock_elided( &flag );
}
#endif

#ifndef __TBB_ReverseByte
inline unsigned char __TBB_ReverseByte(unsigned char src) {
    return tbb::internal::reverse<unsigned char>::byte_table[src];
}
#endif

template<typename T>
T __TBB_ReverseBits(T src) {
    T dst;
    unsigned char *original = (unsigned char *) &src;
    unsigned char *reversed = (unsigned char *) &dst;

    for( int i = sizeof(T)-1; i >= 0; i-- )
        reversed[i] = __TBB_ReverseByte( original[sizeof(T)-i-1] );

    return dst;
}

#endif /* __TBB_machine_H */