xtd::bit_converter Class Reference

#include <bit_converter.h>

Definition

Converts base data types to an std::vector of bytes, and an std::vector of bytes to base data types.

Namespace

xtd

Library

xtd.core

Remarks

The xtd::bit_converter class helps manipulate value types in their fundamental form, as a series of bytes. A xtd::byte is defined as an 8-bit unsigned integer. The xtd::bit_converter class includes static methods to convert each of the primitive types to and from an std::vector of bytes, as the following table illustrates.

Type	To xtd::byte conversion	From xtd::byte conversion
bool	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(bool)	xtd::bit_converter::to_boolean(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
char32	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(char32)	xtd::bit_converter::to_char(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
double	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(double) - or - double_to_int64_bits(double)	xtd::bit_converter::to_double(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32) - or - int64_bits_to_double(int64)
int16	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(int16)	xtd::bit_converter::to_int16(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
int32	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(int32)	xtd::bit_converter::to_int32(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
int64	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(int64)	xtd::bit_converter::to_int64(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
float	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(float) - or - single_to_int32_bits(float)	xtd::bit_converter::to_single(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32) - or - int32_bits_to_single(int32)
uint16	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(uint16)	xtd::bit_converter::to_uint16(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
uint32	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(uint32)	xtd::bit_converter::to_uint32(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)
uint64	xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes(uint64)	xtd::bit_converter::to_uint64(const std::vector< xtd::byte >&, int32)

If you use bit_converter methods to round-trip data, make sure that the xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes overload and the to_<type> method specify the same type. As the following example illustrates, restoring an std::vector that represents a signed integer by calling the xtd::bit_converter::to_uint32 method can result in a value that is different from the original.

#include <xtd/xtd>

using namespace std;
using namespace xtd;

namespace examples {
  class program {
  public:
    // The main entry point for the application.
    static auto main() {
      int value = -16;
      vector<unsigned char> bytes = bit_converter::get_bytes(value);
      
      // Convert bytes back to int.
      int int_value = bit_converter::to_int32(bytes, 0);
      console::write_line("{0} = {1}: {2}", value, int_value, value == int_value ? "Round-trips" : "Does not round-trip");
      // Convert bytes to unsigned int.
      uint uint_value = bit_converter::to_uint32(bytes, 0);
      console::write_line("{0} = {1}: {2}", value, uint_value, static_cast<uint>(value) == uint_value ? "Round-trips" : "Does not round-trip");
    }
  };
}

startup_(examples::program);

// This code produces the following output:
//
// -16 = -16: Round-trips
// -16 = 4294967280: Round-trip

The order of bytes in the std::vector returned by the xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes method overloads (as well as the order of bits in the integer returned by the xtd::bit_converter:double_to_int64_bits method and the order of hexadecimal strings returned by the to_string(xtd::byte[]) method) depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian. Similarly, the order of bytes in the std::vector and returned by the ToIntegerValue methods and the to_char method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian. The endianness of an architecture is indicated by the is_little_endian property, which returns true on little-endian systems and false on big-endian systems. On little-endian systems, lower-order bytes precede higher-order bytes. On big-endian system, higher-order bytes precede lower-order bytes. The following table illustrates the difference in the xtd::byte std::vectors that result from passing the integer 1,234,567,890 (0x499602D2) to the get_bytes(int32) method. The bytes are listed in order from the xtd::byte at index 0 to the xtd::byte at index 3.

Little-endian	D2-02-96-49
Big-endian	49-96-02-D2

Because the return value of some methods depends on system architecture, be careful when transmitting xtd::byte data beyond machine boundaries:

• If all systems sending and receiving data are guaranteed to have the same endianness, nothing has be done to the data.
• If systems sending and receiving data can have different endianness, always transmit data in a particular order. This means that the order of bytes in the std::vector may have to be reversed either before sending them or after receiving them. A common convention is to transmit data in network xtd::byte order (big-endian order). The following example provides an implementation for sending an integer value in network xtd::byte order.
• If systems sending and receiving data can have different endianness and the data to be transmitted consists of signed integers, call the IPAddress.HostToNetworkOrder method to convert the data to network xtd::byte order and the IPAddress.NetworkToHostOrder method to convert it to the order required by the recipient.

Examples

The following code example illustrates the use of several bit_converter class methods.

#include <xtd/xtd>

using namespace xtd;

auto main()->int {
  const ustring formatter = "{0,25}{1,30}";
  
  double a_double = 0.1111111111111111111;
  float a_single = 0.1111111111111111111F;
  long long a_long = 1111111111111111111;
  int an_int = 1111111111;
  short a_short = 11111;
  char a_char = '*';
  bool a_bool = true;
  
  console::write_line("This example of methods of the BitConverter class"
    "\ngenerates the following output.\n");
  console::write_line(formatter, "argument", "byte array");
  console::write_line(formatter, "--------", "----------");
  
  // Convert values to Byte arrays and display them.
  console::write_line(formatter, a_double, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_double)));
  console::write_line(formatter, a_single, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_single)));
  console::write_line(formatter, a_long, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_long)));
  console::write_line(formatter, an_int, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(an_int)));
  console::write_line(formatter, a_short, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_short)));
  console::write_line(formatter, a_char, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_char)));
  console::write_line(formatter, a_bool, bit_converter::to_string(bit_converter::get_bytes(a_bool)));
}

// This code produces the following output:
//
// This example of methods of the BitConverter class
// generates the following output.
//
//                  argument                    byte array
//                  --------                    ----------
//         0.111111111111111       1C-C7-71-1C-C7-71-BC-3F
//                 0.1111111                   39-8E-E3-3D
//       1111111111111111111       C7-71-C4-2B-AB-75-6B-0F
//                1111111111                   C7-35-3A-42
//                     11111                         67-2B
//                         *                   2A-00-00-00
//                      True                            01

Public Types
enum	endian {   endian::little,   endian::big }
	Represents the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture. More...

Fields
static constexpr bool	is_big_endian = __endian_query__ == 0x01U
	Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture. More...
static constexpr bool	is_little_endian = __endian_query__ == 0x04U
	Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture. More...
static constexpr endian	endianness = is_little_endian ? endian::little : endian::big
	Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture. More...

Methods
static int64	double_to_int64_bits (double value) noexcept
	Converts the specified double-precision floating point number to a 64-bit signed integer. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (bool value) noexcept
	Returns the specified Boolean value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (char value) noexcept
	Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (char16 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (char32 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (wchar value) noexcept
	Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (double value) noexcept
	Returns the specified double value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (sbyte value) noexcept
	Returns the specified xtd::byte value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (int16 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified int16 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (int32 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified int32 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (int64 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified int64 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (float value) noexcept
	Returns the specified single value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (xtd::byte value) noexcept
	Returns the specified xtd::byte value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (uint16 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified uint16 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (uint32 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified uint32 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static std::vector< xtd::byte >	get_bytes (uint64 value) noexcept
	Returns the specified uint64 value as an std::vector of bytes. More...
static float	int32_bits_to_single (int32 value) noexcept
	Converts the specified 32-bit signed integer to a single-precision floating point number. More...
static double	int64_bits_to_double (int64 value) noexcept
	Converts the specified 64-bit signed integer to a double-precision floating point number. More...
static int32	single_to_int32_bits (float value) noexcept
	Converts the specified single-precision floating point number to a 32-bit signed integer. More...
static bool	to_boolean (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a Boolean value converted from one xtd::byte at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static char32	to_char (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a char32 converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static double	to_double (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a double-precision floating point number converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static int16	to_int16 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 16-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static int32	to_int32 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 32-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static int64	to_int64 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 64-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static float	to_single (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a single-precision floating point number converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static uint16	to_uint16 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 16-bit unsigned integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static uint32	to_uint32 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 32-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static uint64	to_uint64 (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Returns a 64-bit unsigned integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector. More...
static xtd::ustring	to_string (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value)
	Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation. More...
static xtd::ustring	to_string (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index)
	Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified sub std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation. More...
static xtd::ustring	to_string (const std::vector< xtd::byte > &value, size_t start_index, size_t length)
	Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified sub std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation. More...

Member Enumeration Documentation

endian

enum xtd::bit_converter::endian

strong

Represents the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture.

Remarks

Different computer architectures store data using different xtd::byte orders. "Big-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the left end of a word. "Little-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the right end of a word.

Enumerator
little	Represnets "Little-endian" order.
big	Represnets "Big-endian" order.

Member Function Documentation

double_to_int64_bits()

static int64 xtd::bit_converter::double_to_int64_bits ( double  value )

staticnoexcept

Converts the specified double-precision floating point number to a 64-bit signed integer.

Parameters

value

The number to convert.

Returns

A 64-bit signed integer whose value is equivalent to value.

Remarks

The order of bits in the integer returned by the double_to_int64_bits method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of several Double values to int64 values with the double_to_int64_bits method.

get_bytes() [1/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( bool  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified Boolean value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A Boolean value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 1.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of Boolean values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

Examples:

bit_converter.cpp.

get_bytes() [2/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( char  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A Char value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of Char values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [3/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( char16  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A Char value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of Char values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [4/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( char32  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A Char value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of Char values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [5/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( wchar  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified Char value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A Char value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of Char values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [6/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( double  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified double value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A double value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 8.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of double values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [7/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( sbyte  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified xtd::byte value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A xtd::byte value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 1.

get_bytes() [8/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( int16  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified int16 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A int16 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 2.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of int16 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [9/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( int32  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified int32 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A int32 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of int32 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [10/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( int64  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified int64 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A int64 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 8.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of int64 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [11/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( float  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified single value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A single value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of single values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [12/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( xtd::byte  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified xtd::byte value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A xtd::byte value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 1.

get_bytes() [13/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( uint16  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified uint16 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A uint16 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 2.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of uint16 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

get_bytes() [14/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( uint32  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified uint32 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A uint32 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 4.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of uint32 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

;

get_bytes() [15/15]

static std::vector<xtd::byte> xtd::bit_converter::get_bytes ( uint64  value )

staticnoexcept

Returns the specified uint64 value as an std::vector of bytes.

Parameters

value

A uint64 value.

Returns

An std::vector of bytes with length 8.

Examples

The following code example converts the bit patterns of uint64 values to xtd::byte std::vectors with the get_bytes method.

int32_bits_to_single()

static float xtd::bit_converter::int32_bits_to_single ( int32  value )

staticnoexcept

Converts the specified 32-bit signed integer to a single-precision floating point number.

Parameters

value

The number to convert.

Returns

A single-precision floating point number whose value is equivalent to value.

Remarks

Typically, value is an integer that is returned by the single_to_int32_bits method.

int64_bits_to_double()

static double xtd::bit_converter::int64_bits_to_double ( int64  value )

staticnoexcept

Converts the specified 64-bit signed integer to a double-precision floating point number.

Parameters

value

The number to convert.

Returns

A double-precision floating point number whose value is equivalent to value.

Remarks

Typically, value is an integer that is returned by the double_to_int64_bits method.

single_to_int32_bits()

static int32 xtd::bit_converter::single_to_int32_bits ( float  value )

staticnoexcept

Converts the specified single-precision floating point number to a 32-bit signed integer.

Parameters

value

The number to convert.

Returns

A 32-bit signed integer whose value is equivalent to value.

Remarks

The order of bits in the integer returned by the double_to_int64_bits method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian.

to_boolean()

static bool xtd::bit_converter::to_boolean ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a Boolean value converted from one xtd::byte at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

bool true if the xtd::byte at start_index in value is nonzero; otherwise, false.

Exceptions

argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Examples

The following code example converts elements of xtd::byte std::vectors to Boolean values with the to_boolean method.

to_char()

static char32 xtd::bit_converter::to_char ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a char32 converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A char32 formed by four bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_char method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 3 to an int32 value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_double()

static double xtd::bit_converter::to_double ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a double-precision floating point number converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A double precision floating point number formed by eight bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_double method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 7 to a Double value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_int16()

static int16 xtd::bit_converter::to_int16 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 16-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 16-bit signed integer formed by two bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_int16 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 1 to an int16 value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_int32()

static int32 xtd::bit_converter::to_int32 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 32-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 32-bit signed integer formed by four bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_int32 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 3 to an int32 value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_int64()

static int64 xtd::bit_converter::to_int64 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 64-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 64-bit signed integer formed by eight bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_int64 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 7 to an int64 value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_single()

static float xtd::bit_converter::to_single ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a single-precision floating point number converted from eight bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A single precision floating point number formed by eight bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_single method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 3 to a Double value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_string() [1/3]

static xtd::ustring xtd::bit_converter::to_string ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value )

static

Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation.

Parameters

value

An std::vector of bytes.

Returns

xtd::ustring A xtd::ustring of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in value; for example, "7F-2C-4A-00".

Exceptions

argument_null_exception

value is null.

Remarks

All the elements of value are converted. The order of hexadecimal strings returned by the to_string method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian.

Examples

The following code example converts xtd::byte std::vectors to xtd::ustring objects with the to_string method.

Examples:

bit_converter.cpp.

to_string() [2/3]

static xtd::ustring xtd::bit_converter::to_string ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified sub std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

xtd::ustring A xtd::ustring of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in value; for example, "7F-2C-4A-00".

Exceptions

argument_null_exception	value is null.
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The elements from std::vector position start_index to the end of the std::vector are converted. The order of hexadecimal strings returned by the to_string method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian.

Examples

The following code example converts xtd::byte std::vectors to xtd::ustring objects with the to_string method.

to_string() [3/3]

static xtd::ustring xtd::bit_converter::to_string ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index, size_t  length  )

static

Converts the numeric value of each element of a specified sub std::vector of bytes to its equivalent hexadecimal xtd::ustring representation.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.
length	The number of std::vector elements in value to convert.

Returns

xtd::ustring A xtd::ustring of hexadecimal pairs separated by hyphens, where each pair represents the corresponding element in value; for example, "7F-2C-4A-00".

Exceptions

argument_null_exception	value is null.
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index or length is less than zero. -or- start_index is greater than zero and is greater than or equal to the length of value.
argument_exception	The combination of start_index and length does not specify a position within value; that is, the start_index parameter is greater than the length of value minus the length parameter.

Remarks

AThe length elements from std::vector position start_index are converted. If length equals zero, the method returns xtd::ustring.Empty.

The order of hexadecimal strings returned by the to_string method depends on whether the computer architecture is little-endian or big-endian.

Examples

The following code example converts xtd::byte std::vectors to xtd::ustring objects with the to_string method.

to_uint16()

static uint16 xtd::bit_converter::to_uint16 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 16-bit unsigned integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 16-bit unsigned integer formed by two bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_uint16 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 1 to an Uint16_t value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_uint32()

static uint32 xtd::bit_converter::to_uint32 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 32-bit signed integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 32-bit signed integer formed by four bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_uint32 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 3 to an Uint32_t value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

to_uint64()

static uint64 xtd::bit_converter::to_uint64 ( const std::vector< xtd::byte > &  value, size_t  start_index  )

static

Returns a 64-bit unsigned integer converted from two bytes at a specified position in a xtd::byte std::vector.

Parameters

value	An std::vector of bytes.
start_index	The starting position within value.

Returns

A 64-bit unsigned integer formed by eight bytes beginning at start_index.

Exceptions

argument_exception	start_index equals the length of value minus 1.
argument_null_exception	value is null
argument_out_of_range_exception	start_index is less than zero or greater than the length of value minus 1.

Remarks

The to_uint64 method converts the bytes from index start_index to start_index + 7 to an Uint64_t value. The order of bytes in the std::vector must reflect the endianness of the computer system's architecture; for more information, see the Remarks section of the bit_converter class topic.

Member Data Documentation

endianness

constexpr endian xtd::bit_converter::endianness = is_little_endian ? endian::little : endian::big

static

Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture.

Returns

Returns One of xtd::bit_converter::endian values.

Remarks

Different computer architectures store data using different xtd::byte orders. "Big-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the left end of a word. "Little-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the right end of a word.

Examples

The following code example illustrates the use of the endianness field.

#include <xtd/xtd>

using namespace xtd;

namespace examples {
  class program {
  public:
    // The main entry point for the application.
    static auto main() {
      console::write_line(
        "This example of the bit_converter::endianness field "
        "generates \nthe following output when run on "
        "x86-class computers.\n");
      console::write_line("endianness:  {}",
        bit_converter::endianness);
    }
  };
}

startup_(examples::program);

/*
 This example of the bit_converter::endianness field generates
 the following output when run on x86-class computers.

 endianness:  little
 */

Examples:

bit_converter_endianness.cpp.

is_big_endian

constexpr bool xtd::bit_converter::is_big_endian = __endian_query__ == 0x01U

static

Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture.

Returns

Returns true if the architecture is big-endian; false if it is little-endian.

Remarks

Different computer architectures store data using different xtd::byte orders. "Big-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the left end of a word. "Little-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the right end of a word.

Examples

The following code example illustrates the use of the is_big_endian field.

#include <xtd/xtd>

using namespace xtd;

namespace examples {
  class program {
  public:
    // The main entry point for the application.
    static auto main() {
      console::write_line(
        "This example of the bit_converter::is_big_endian field "
        "generates \nthe following output when run on "
        "x86-class computers.\n");
      console::write_line("is_big_endian:  {}",
        bit_converter::is_big_endian);
    }
  };
}

startup_(examples::program);

/*
 This example of the bit_converter::is_big_endian field generates
 the following output when run on x86-class computers.

 is_big_endian:  false
 */

Examples:

bit_converter_is_big_endian.cpp.

is_little_endian

constexpr bool xtd::bit_converter::is_little_endian = __endian_query__ == 0x04U

static

Indicates the xtd::byte order ("endianness") in which data is stored in this computer architecture.

Returns

Returns true if the architecture is little-endian; false if it is big-endian.

Remarks

Different computer architectures store data using different xtd::byte orders. "Big-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the left end of a word. "Little-endian" means the most significant xtd::byte is on the right end of a word.

Examples

The following code example illustrates the use of the is_little_endian field.

#include <xtd/xtd>

using namespace xtd;

namespace examples {
  class program {
  public:
    // The main entry point for the application.
    static auto main() {
      console::write_line(
        "This example of the bit_converter::is_little_endian field "
        "generates \nthe following output when run on "
        "x86-class computers.\n");
      console::write_line("is_little_endian:  {}",
        bit_converter::is_little_endian);
    }
  };
}

startup_(examples::program);

/*
 This example of the bit_converter::is_little_endian field generates
 the following output when run on x86-class computers.

 is_little_endian:  true
 */

Examples:

bit_converter_is_little_endian.cpp.

---

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

• xtd.core/include/xtd/bit_converter.h